This flow of asylum seekers to the north appears to have been partly stimulated by the Trump administration`s immigration policy, Canada`s image as a refugee shelter and misconceptions about Canada`s immigration system. The first increase came after President Trump signed several executive orders in January 2017 to implement immigration policy. and a further increase occurred after the Trump administration reported it in May 2017, Up to 59,000 Haitians with Temporary Protection Status (GST) would likely lose their protection from deportation.51 Although most asylum seekers entering Canada through an official crossing can be immediately returned to the United States under a 2002 Safe Third Country Agreement, which required applicants: 52 The Canadian government wants to extend the safe-country agreement across the border.53 It is under pressure from Canadian refugee lawyers. but who requested the suspension of the agreement to allow refugee claimants to enter Canada in a safer and more orderly manner.54 U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Public Safety Canada, Canada-United States Action Plan for Critical Infrastructure, 2010, in www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/ip_canada_us_action_plan.pdf. Sometimes President Trump has threatened to withdraw from NAFTA. The government has also submitted some proposals that Canada and Mexico have found unacceptable or unenforceable, which have become sticking points in the negotiations. The overall vision of the U.S. proposals appears to be aimed at reducing bilateral trade deficits with Canada and Mexico and repatriating manufacturing jobs to the United States.

If these objectives are not achievable, they can be used as a pretext to withdraw from the talks. Economists generally say that trade deficits and job creation depend more on macroeconomic conditions than on free trade agreements (FTAs). On most issues, the dynamics of the negotiations pitted the United States in general against Canada and Mexico, which are more interested in modernizing the agreement and oppose proposals to limit trade. In December 2016, Canada adopted the Pan-Canadian Clean Growth and Climate Change (FCP) framework, a comprehensive strategy focused on climate change and long-term economic growth.110 A key element of the framework is that each province can use CO211 prices, a cap-and-trade system or a hybrid approach to the two CO211 emissions by 2018. Under the FCP, the carbon price of pollution is expected to start this year (2018) at a minimum of $10 (about $7.70) per tonne and increase to US$50 (about $38) per tonne in 2022, if a province does not put the carbon price, the federal government will take a price of “backstop” for carbon on provincial and provincial products. The government believes that this policy “will reduce greenhouse gas emissions at the lowest cost to businesses and consumers and support innovation and clean growth,” while jurisdictions will be flexible in developing their own approaches.